Effect of Steam Quality on Extra-Heavy Crude Oil Upgrading and Oil Recovery Assisted with PdO and NiO-Functionalized Al2O3 Nanoparticles

This work focuses on evaluating the effect of steam quality upgrading and recovering extra-heavy crude oil in presence absence two nanofluids. The nanofluids AlNi1 AlNi1Pd1 consist 500 mg·L?1 alumina doped with 1.0% mass fraction Ni (AlNi1) Pd (AlNi1Pd1), respectively, 1000 tween 80 surfactant. Displacement tests are done different stages, including (i) basic characterization, (ii) waterflooding, (iii) injection at 0.5 quality, (iv) 1.0 (v) batch nanofluids, (vi) after nanofluid qualities. is realized 210 °C, reservoir temperature fixed pore overburden pressure 1.03 MPa (150 psi) 5.51 (800 psi), respectively. After recovery increased 3.0% 7.0%, regarding waterflooding stage, no significant upgrade observed. Then, during nanoparticles, increase by 20.0% 13.0% quality. Meanwhile, when injected for both nanoparticles evaluated, incremental produced. highly upgraded system, reducing viscosity 99%, increasing American Petroleum Institute (API)° from 6.9° to 13.3°, asphaltene content 50% It expected that this will eventually help understand appropriate conditions which should be a process improve its efficiency terms